ETNOBIOLOGÍA DEL NORESTE DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SIERRA GORDA, QUERÉTARO, MÉXICO

Abstract

Ethnobiology studies the relationship between human and their biological environment, this relationship includes traditional knowledge as a set of traditional knowledge that is part of the biocultural memory of peoples, ethno- biological inventories provide the opportunity to collect and protect this knowledge. The objective of this study was to collect and analyze the ethnobiological knowledge possessed by the people of the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve in the northeast of Quere?taro, Mexico. In December 2020 to October 2021, one hundred informants were interviewed, the plants, animals and fungi species useful mentioned were determined, the richness of knowledge and its variation according to the age of the interviewees were described and analyzed with multivariate methods. the risk of extinction of the species was also verified. The ethnobiological knowledge possessed by the inhabitants of the northeast of the reserve is represented by species useful: 223 plants, 47 animals and four fungi. The most representative groups of organisms are: the plant family Asteraceae, the Mammalia class of animals and the Apidae family, and the fungus species Ustilago maydis. In the three groups studied, the use categories medicinal and food are the most mentioned. The species used at risk of extinction represent 4.3% of plants and 24.2% of animals. Although there is less richness of knowledge in young informants, there is still extensive traditional knowledge in the region, reflected in the use mainly of native species obtained in the wild and traditional production systems. The ethnobiological gardens will play an important role as a tool to safeguard the biocultural memory of the peoples.