Investigación e incidencia en agrosilviculturas y soberanía alimentaria en los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca, México

Abstract

This article examines the role of urban and peri-urban agroforestry systems in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca in relation to food sovereignty. The methodological approach was a combination of research and advocacy. Inventories of systems and species were conducted, as well as interviews with key informants and an analysis of exchange in traditional and alternative markets. The multifunctional richness of family gardens is evidenced by the presence of over 250 plant species, many of which have uses as food, medicine, and ornamentals. The presence of backyard animals is an integral aspect of these systems. The gardens promote food self-sufficiency by providing a diverse range of food sources throughout the year and by facilitating the conservation of local seeds, which are crucial for maintaining biocultural resilience and economic autonomy. Furthermore, the urban milpa was demonstrated to serve as an arena for transdisciplinary learning and intergenerational connection, underscoring environmental education and the interplay between traditional and scientific knowledge. A constant exchange of agroecological products was documented in local markets, thereby strengthening the local economy and the circulation of goods derived from agroforestry. Higher education institutions play an indispensable role in the advancement of conservation and environmental education practices, including the establishment of demonstration plots for agroforestry systems, xeriscapes, and pollinator gardens. These spaces serve to promote biodiversity and climate adaptation, functioning as living laboratories of sustainability and education for academic communities and society in general. The agrosilvicultural systems of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca exemplify comprehensive strategies for ensuring food sovereignty and biocultural conservation in urban and periurban contexts. It is imperative that these practices be promoted, both through citizen participation and with the backing of institutions, if the region is to meet the environmental challenges it faces and promote food justice.