ETNOBOTANIUM APPROACH ABOUT THE USE OF PLANTS BY BENZEDEIROS (AS) IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANAJATUBA, MARANHÃO STATE, BRAZIL

Abstract

Register the knowledge of local experts of extreme importance for the maintenance of socio-biodiversity. Therefore, the objective of the study was to trace the socioeconomic profile of benzenders and to identify plant species for liturgical use and medicine, systematizing the indications, forms of use and parts used. Data collection was carried out in the municipality of Anajatuba (MA), Northeastern Brazil, and 13 benzenders were interviewed, based on semi-structured variables, guided tour and collection of botanical material. All the collected material was identified and taken to incorporate into the collection of Herbário MAR. We identified 52 species, 48 genera and 31 families. The most representative families were Lamiaceae (7 spp.) and Asteraceae (5 spp.). The most cited species were purple pine nuts (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.), broom (Scoparia dulcis L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), the first two being for blessings and the other two for medicinal purposes. While the origin of the species, a plant most used is native, but there is an improved number of exotic species and some ornamental species that are uncommon to benzene practices. Most of the species were obtained in the yard or nearby land, however some seeds and fruits were purchased at the open market in the city. In this work it was evident a greater number of male blessers, this may be related to the culture and religious religion of the place. We perceive a strong presence of benzene practices, but a weakening of the culture with the new generations, in addition to subtle changes in systems. It is important to promote new studies in the area and to encourage public policies that act in the conservation and valorization of this knowledge.